經濟學人：快手即將在港上市
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快手要在港交所上市了，市值預計要超過推特。近年，快手的收入在大幅增長，主要來自于平臺主播的打賞。新人主播甚至要把打賞的一半交上去。然而，政府監管機構最近正在對平臺打賞進行加嚴，要設置上限。等到政策落地，快手的收入勢必會受到影響。
今日拆解的原文選自經濟學人，筆記由Zoe制作。全文完整筆記在外刊群里分享。歡迎加入O(∩_∩)O>>跟著Zoe每日讀一篇經濟學人（2023年全年）
Kuaishou’s revenues have soared in recent years, reaching 25bn yuan ($3.6bn) in the first six months of 2023, up by nearly half on the previous year. Just over two-thirds of this came from what the firm calls “live-stream gifting”. It hosted nearly 1bn live-streaming sessions in that period, taking a cut on “tips” that viewers shower on their favourite live-streamers. A tip can be as small as 10 fen (1.5 cents) or as generous as 2,000 yuan. Performers film themselves singing, dancing, otherwise prancing or just sunbathing. (Pornography is strictly prohibited.) New stars can expect to fork half of their tips over to the platform. |
近年來快手的營收大幅增長，2023年上半年達250億元，同比增長近一半。其中略多于三分之二來自該公司所謂的“直播打賞”。在此期間快手上舉行了近10億次直播，從觀眾為他們喜愛的主播慷慨“打賞”中抽成。一次打賞少則一毛，多則2000元。表演者們拍攝自己唱歌、跳舞，或者神氣活現地跳來蹦去，甚至只是躺平曬日光浴。（色情內容被嚴格禁止。）新的明星主播可能要把所得打賞的一半交給平臺。 |
快手的大幅增長大部分來自于直播打賞，而新人主播可能要把收到打賞的五成交給平臺。
概念梳理：“同比”和“環比”
同比：同比一般情況下是今年第n月與去年第n月比。同比發展速度主要是為了消除季節變動的影響，用以說明本期發展水平與去年同期發展水平對比而達到的相對發展速度。英文常用year-on-year表達：
Figures released on January 14th revealed that euro-zone industrial production fell by 3.3% year-on-year in November.1月14日公布的數據顯示，去年11月歐元區的工業產值同比下降3.3%。
本文中環比：環比，表示連續2個單位周期（比如連續兩月）內的量的變化比。
環比增長率=（本期數-上期數）/上期數×100%。 反映本期比上期增長了多少；環比發展速度，一般是指報告期水平與前一時期水平之比，表明現象逐期的發展速度。英文用month-on-month/quarter-on-quarter
*文中是將2023年的上半年與2019年的上半年數據進行對比，所以是“同比”；
難詞解析
Shower我們比較熟悉的用法是“淋浴”: [ VN ] ~ sb with sth~ sth on sb to give sb a lot of sth 大量地給，注意下搭配：
He showered her with gifts./ He showered gifts on her. 他送給她許多禮物。
之前我們接觸過Fork out: PHRASAL VERB If you fork out for something, you spend a lot of money on it. (為某事物) 大把掏錢，比如：
Visitors to the castle had to fork out for a guidebook.參觀城堡的游客得為一本旅游指南掏很多錢。
也可以用作及物動詞，表示“花出去多少錢”；
Cut: N-SING Someone's cut of the profits or winnings from something, especially ones that have been obtained dishonestly, is their share. 份額
Take a cut可以當做固定搭配使用，再比如：
The agency is expected to take a cut of the money awarded to its client.這家代理商理應從獎給其客戶的錢中抽取它的一份。
live-stream gifting直播打賞，或者tips;
下一段還用了sponsor: [ VN ] ( of a company, etc. 公司等 ) to pay the costs of a particular event, programme, etc. as a way of advertising 贊助（活動、節目等）
sports events sponsored by the tobacco industry 由煙草業贊助的體育賽事
這里理解為網友給主播的“打賞”
Prance /pr?ns/: V-I If someone prances around, they walk or move around with exaggerated movements, usually because they want people to look at them and admire them. 大搖大擺地走; 神氣活現地走，比如：
The lead singer was prancing around with the microphone.首席歌手手執麥克風，神氣地走來走去。
Pornography /p???n?ɡr?fi/: ( also informal porn ) [ U ] ( disapproving ) books, videos, etc. that describe or show naked people and sexual acts in order to make people feel sexually excited, especially in a way that many other people find offensive 淫穢作品；色情書刊（或音像制品等）;
Amid this exuberance two threats loom. The first comes from China’s increasingly hands-on regulators. In November they mandated that video apps like Kuaishou impose daily and monthly limits on the amount that users can tip live-streamers. Moreover, to prevent impressionable minors from being coaxed into sponsoring cunning broadcasters, platforms have been instructed to perform tougher background checks on users with such tools as facial-recognition technology. Bureaucrats in Beijing have yet to work out precisely what Kuaishou’s daily and monthly ceilings ought to be. But growth will probably slow down once the details are hashed out. |
一派繁榮之下，兩大威脅若隱若現。首先是來自中國越來越事必躬親的監管機構。去年11月，它們要求快手等視頻應用對用戶每日及每月最高打賞金額設定限制。而且，為了防止一些狡猾的主播引誘易受人影響的未成年人打賞，監管機構要求平臺利用人臉識別技術等工具對用戶展開更加嚴格的背景調查。北京的官員們還沒有明確快手每日及每月的打賞上限應該是多少。但一旦細節敲定，快手的增長很可能會放緩。 |
當然，快手的發展不可能沒有阻力的。首先就是來自政府的監管。
Exuberance /?ɡ?zu?b?r?ns/此處表示“繁榮”，形容詞形式是exuberant /?ɡ?zju?b?r?nt/:ADJ If you are exuberant, you are full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness. 充滿活力的
這里形容的是快手、抖音涮視頻這個行業“充滿活力”，也就是這個行業很“繁榮”
So the exuberant young girl with dark hair and blue eyes decided to become a screen actress. 因此，這個充滿活力的年輕黑發碧眼女孩決定成為一名熒屏演員。
下文的Effervescent /?ef??vesnt/是它的近義表達: ( approving ) ( of people and their behaviour 人或其行為 ) excited, enthusiastic and full of energy 興高采烈的；熱情洋溢的；充滿活力的
Loom: to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon 顯得突出；逼近，比如：
There was a crisis looming. 危機迫在眉睫。
Another government spending crisis is looming in the United States.
又一次政府開支危機正在美國醞釀。
The threat of renewed civil war looms ahead. 新一輪內戰的威脅在逼近。
它的形容詞也是個高頻詞, looming:
(of something unwanted or unpleasant) about to happen soon and causing worry 即將發生的（不期望發生的，不好的事情）
近義詞也不少，且都是高頻詞：
Approaching：coming nearer in distance or time. 比如：
An approaching car 開過來的車
Upcoming：ADJ Upcoming events will happen in the near future. 即將發生的，比如：
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